Peer-Reviewed Research: Qigong, Meditation, and Brainwaves: A Review of EEG Patterns in Altered States of Consciousness

In their 1996 paper published in the Journal of the International Society of Life Information Science, Kawano, Shi, and Duan explored the neurophysiological effects of Qigong and meditative practices through the lens of EEG (electroencephalography). Their primary focus was the modulation of alpha (α) and theta (θ) brainwaves—two key frequency bands that…